Grading and earthwork bids hang on a handful of cut/fill quantities and a per-yard price — and that's exactly why work gets left out and the unit prices get gamed. Bid Reasoner normalizes every earthwork sub bid to your scope of work, scores it across six dimensions, and runs four deterministic risk rules over the cut/fill unit prices and mobilization before you award. It's the trade-level version of our subcontractor bid analysis.
Five to fifteen earthwork subs bid a mass-grading package. One total comes in 18% under the field. On a spreadsheet that bidder looks like the obvious pick — until you read the line items and find no dewatering, no undercut allowance, and haul-off assumed into the GC's scope. The number is low because the work is missing, not because the bidder is sharp.
Earthwork compresses most of the cost into the cut/fill CY lines, so a few cents per yard, an unbalanced earthwork quantity, or an equipment-heavy front-loaded mobilization moves the award. By eye, across bids in different formats, you catch some of it. The ones you miss become the change order on the unsuitable material you thought was included, or the dispute over the water that wasn't priced.
Before you compare totals, confirm every bidder priced the same work. These are the items a complete grading and earthwork bid should carry, and the dimension each maps to.
| Line item | Why it matters | Dimension / flag |
|---|---|---|
| Clearing & grubbing | Site prep by area; brush, stumps, and root removal vary widely by bidder. | Scope · price |
| Topsoil strip & stockpile | Strip depth and stockpile location drive quantity; easy to under-scope. | Scope · gap analysis |
| Cut/fill earthwork (CY) | The major quantity line; unit price per cubic yard drives the whole bid. | Price · peer outlier >2× / <0.5× |
| Borrow & select fill | Imported material by the yard; off-field $/CY signals quantity games. | Price · peer outlier >2× / <0.5× |
| Undercut & unsuitable-material removal | Routinely assumed away; a missing allowance becomes a change order. | Scope · gap analysis |
| Rough & fine grading | Subgrade to finished tolerance; confirm who carries the fine-grade pass. | Scope · compliance |
| Compaction & density testing | Frequently pushed to the GC's scope; price it explicitly. | Compliance · gap analysis |
| Dewatering | Real cost on wet sites that quietly drops out of a thin bid. | Scope · schedule |
| Haul-off & disposal | Export and tipping fees; small per yard but a tell when missing entirely. | Scope · gap analysis |
These are the lines that quietly drop out and make a total look low. Bid Reasoner's two-way scope-coverage gap analysis surfaces each one against your scope of work.
A real cost on any wet site that's easy to leave off entirely. A bidder that didn't quote it isn't cheaper, it's short scope on the water.
Soft-spot removal and replacement is routinely assumed away. Its absence is a scope gap that lands as a change order, not a price advantage.
Export and tipping fees get folded into another line or pushed to the GC. If it isn't priced, that cost lands on you after award.
Pushed to the GC more often than any other line. A thin or missing testing line is a compliance and scope risk.
Every earthwork bid runs through the same four deterministic rules, with fixed numeric thresholds. These are the patterns they catch in grading and earthwork specifically.
Earthwork is equipment-heavy, so an inflated mobilization line is the classic front-load — cash recovered before a yard is moved. Flagged when mobilization exceeds 10% of the total.
With most cost in the cut/fill CY lines, a $/CY priced far off the field — high to chase quantity overruns, low to win — moves the award. Flagged above 2× or below 0.5× the peer median, and at or below $1.00.
A total that lands more than 20% off the field is flagged — and paired with the scope gap, it shows whether the bidder is sharp or simply left dewatering and undercut out.
Upload or forward every grading and earthwork sub bid for the package. Bid Reasoner reads each PDF, extracts the line items, and normalizes them to your scope of work so the cut/fill CY lines, borrow, undercut, and testing line up item for item — even when each bidder's form looks nothing alike. Every bidder is then scored across price, scope, schedule, compliance, performance, and risk, and the four deterministic rules run over the numbers.
The scope-coverage gap analysis surfaces the dewatering, undercut, haul-off, or density testing a bidder didn't quote — the difference between a sharp number and a short one. Every score links to a page-cited quote from the source bid, so the answer to "why this grader?" is on the record. Recommend a winner under any of 7 decision modes — from Lowest Responsible Bid to Best Value — with a confidence score, and carry the reasoning, the risk flags, and any forced override straight into the award memo with a full audit trail.
A complete grading and earthwork bid prices clearing and grubbing, topsoil strip and stockpile, cut/fill earthwork by the cubic yard, borrow and select fill, undercut and unsuitable-material removal, rough and fine grading, compaction and density testing, dewatering, and haul-off and disposal. The cut/fill earthwork CY lines usually carry the bulk of the price, so the unit price per cubic yard on each is where the bid is won or lost. Bid Reasoner normalizes each bidder's line items to your scope of work so you can see, item for item, who priced what.
Dewatering, undercut and unsuitable-material removal, haul-off and disposal, and compaction and density testing are the items most often missing from a grading and earthwork bid. They are easy to assume into another line or push to the GC, and a frequent reason one bidder's total comes in low. Bid Reasoner runs a two-way scope-coverage gap analysis on each bidder — items in your scope the bidder didn't quote, and items the bidder priced that weren't in your scope — so the low number that's low because it left work out gets caught before award.
Bid Reasoner runs four deterministic risk rules over every grading and earthwork bid. It flags unbalanced unit prices at or below $1.00, line items above 2x or below 0.5x the peer median — the cut/fill CY unit prices where a few cents per yard moves the award — totals that deviate more than 20% from the field, and mobilization above 10% of the total, the classic front-loaded earthwork bid driven by equipment-heavy mobilization. These are fixed numeric thresholds anyone can check, not a black-box score.
Built-in state-DOT pay-item baselines cover the civil grading and earthwork items — clearing, earthwork by the cubic yard, borrow, and undercut — and NY and NJ DOT baselines are built in as a head start. Outside those states, Bid Reasoner levels each grading and earthwork bid against the other bids in your package through peer-median normalization, so no government pay-item data is required to start. Bid Reasoner analyzes the bids you receive; it is not takeoff or quantity-estimating software.
Bring one package's earthwork sub bids. We'll normalize them to scope, score six dimensions, flag the cut/fill and mobilization risk, and recommend a winner on the call.